Generic Name
Lisinopril
Brand Names
Zestril, Zestoretic, Qbrelis
FDA approval date: July 01, 2002
Classification: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor
Form: Tablet, Solution
What is Zestril (Lisinopril)?
Lisinopril tablets USP is an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor indicated for: Treatment of hypertension in adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older.
Approved To Treat
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Brand Information
Zestril (Lisinopril)
WARNING: FETAL TOXICITY
- When pregnancy is detected, discontinue ZESTRIL as soon as possible [see Warnings and Precautions (
- Drugs that act directly on the renin-angiotensin system can cause injury and death to the developing fetus [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
1INDICATIONS AND USAGE
1.1Hypertension
Zestril is indicated for the treatment of hypertension in adult patients and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure lowers the risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes.
Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than 1 drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program’s Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC).
Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly.
Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal.
Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy.
Zestril may be administered alone or with other antihypertensive agents
1.2Heart Failure
Zestril is indicated to reduce signs and symptoms of systolic heart failure
1.3Reduction of Mortality in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Zestril is indicated for the reduction of mortality in treatment of hemodynamically stable patients within 24 hours of acute myocardial infarction. Patients should receive, as appropriate, the standard recommended treatments such as thrombolytics, aspirin and beta-blockers
2DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
2.5 mg are white, round, biconvex, uncoated tablets identified as “ZESTRIL 2 1/2” on one side and “135” on the other side.
3CONTRAINDICATIONS
Zestril is contraindicated in combination with a neprilysin inhibitor (e.g., sacubitril). Do not administer Zestril within 36 hours of switching to or from sacubitril/valsartan, a neprilysin inhibitor
Zestril is contraindicated in patients with:
- a history of angioedema or hypersensitivity related to previous treatment with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
- hereditary or idiopathic angioedema
Do not co-administer aliskiren with ZESTRIL in patients with diabetes
4OVERDOSAGE
Following a single oral dose of 20 g/kg no lethality occurred in rats, and death occurred in one of 20 mice receiving the same dose. The most likely manifestation of overdosage would be hypotension, for which the usual treatment would be intravenous infusion of normal saline solution.
Lisinopril can be removed by hemodialysis
5DESCRIPTION
Lisinopril is an oral long-acting angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Lisinopril, a synthetic peptide derivative, is chemically described as (S)-1-[N2-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl)-L-lysyl]-L-proline dihydrate. Its empirical formula is C
Lisinopril is a white to off-white, crystalline powder, with a molecular weight of 441.53. It is soluble in water and sparingly soluble in methanol and practically insoluble in ethanol.
Zestril is supplied as 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg and 40 mg tablets for oral administration.
Inactive Ingredients:
2.5 mg tablets - calcium phosphate, magnesium stearate, mannitol, starch.
5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg and 30 mg tablets - calcium phosphate, magnesium stearate, mannitol, red ferric oxide, starch.
40 mg tablets - calcium phosphate, magnesium stearate, mannitol, starch, yellow ferric oxide.
6HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING
Zestril is available as uncoated biconvex tablets in bottles of 90.
Store at controlled room temperature, 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [see USP]. Protect from moisture, freezing and excessive heat. Dispense in a tight container.
7PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION
NOTE: This information is intended to aid in the safe and effective use of this medication. It is not a disclosure of all possible adverse or intended effects.
Pregnancy: Advise pregnant women and females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to notify their healthcare provider with a known or suspected pregnancy
Angioedema: Angioedema, including laryngeal edema may occur at any time during treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, including Zestril. Tell patients to report immediately any signs or symptoms suggesting angioedema (swelling of face, extremities, eyes, lips, tongue, difficulty in swallowing or breathing) and to take no more drug until they have consulted with the prescribing physician.
Lactation: Advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with Zestril
Symptomatic Hypotension: Tell patients to report light-headedness especially during the first few days of therapy. If actual syncope occurs, tell the patient to discontinue the drug until they have consulted with the prescribing physician.
Tell patients that excessive perspiration and dehydration may lead to an excessive fall in blood pressure because of reduction in fluid volume. Other causes of volume depletion such as vomiting or diarrhea may also lead to a fall in blood pressure; advise patients accordingly.
Hyperkalemia: Tell patients not to use salt substitutes containing potassium without consulting their physician.
Hypoglycemia: Tell diabetic patients treated with oral antidiabetic agents or insulin starting an ACE inhibitor to monitor for hypoglycaemia closely, especially during the first month of combined use [see
Leukopenia/Neutropenia: Tell patients to report promptly any indication of infection (e.g., sore throat, fever), which may be a sign of leukopenia/neutropenia.