• The study will specifically recruit individuals who fulfill the diagnostic criteria for SIVCI -- the presence of both cognitive impairment and small vessel ischaemic disease.

• Specifically, individuals must meet the following inclusion criteria:

• Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score less than 26 at screening;

• MMSE score of = or > 20 at screening;

• Community-dwelling;

• Lives in Metro Vancouver;

• Able to comply with scheduled visits, treatment plan, and other trial procedures;

• Must be able to read, write, and speak English in which psychometric tests are provided with acceptable visual and auditory acuity;

• Stable on a fixed dose of cognitive medications (e.g., donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, memantine, etc.) that is not expected to change during the 12-month study period, or, if they are not on any of these medications, they are not expected to start them during the 12-month study period;

• Provide a personally signed and dated informed consent document indicating that the individual (or a legally acceptable representative) has been informed of all pertinent aspects of the trial. In addition, an assent form will be provided at baseline and again at regular intervals;

• Able to walk independently; and

• Must be in sufficient health to participate in study's aerobic-based exercise training program. This will be based on medical history, vital signs, physical examination by study physicians, and written recommendation by family physician indicating individual's appropriateness to participate in an aerobic-based exercise training program.