Summary: Background:Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease which affects approximately 70,000 patients in Hong Kong and 50 billion people worldwide. Among these patients one-third remained unresponsive to antiepileptic agents. Continual drug manipulation is an essential therapeutic option for these patients with refractory epilepsy. In particular, rational polytherapy has become the mainstay of treatme...

Summary: Brain somatic mutations in genes belonging to the mTOR pathway are well recognized in malformations of the cortical development, such as focal cortical dysplasia or hemimegalencephaly. The present study aims to search for brain somatic mutations in paired blood-brain samples from children undergoing epilepsy surgery at the Rothschild Foundation, Paris. Patients and their parents will be recruited ...