Summary: Disorders of sex development (DSD) occur in 1/3000 births and are defined by variation in aspect of external genital organs, e.g. cryptorchidism, hypospadias and micropenis in male infants and clitoral hypertrophy in female infants. Genetic, hormonal and environmental factors are implicated in DSD. Infants with congenital hypogonadism hypogonadotrope (CHH) can present with DSD. Evaluation of hormo...

Summary: Injuries to the genitalia are of concern to the military with emphasis placed on the surgical reconstruction and psychological health of these Wounded Warriors. However, despite significant surgical advances in microvascular surgery and autologous free tissue transfer, conventional reconstructions cannot truly replace the complicated structures and functions of the penis including the urethra, ero...