Summary: Provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) is one major subtype of vulvar pain, affecting close to one in ten women and resulting in pain during attempts at vaginal intercourse and/or attempts to insert a digit, device or tampon into the vagina. Management involves a multidisciplinary approach, through physicians, psychologists, sex therapists and physiotherapists. Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) is a therapeut...

Summary: Dyspareunia, or pain experienced by women during penetrative sexual activities, affects the psychological and sexual health of more than one in five Canadian women [1], yet its pathophysiology is poorly understood [2-4] and evidence for management approaches is limited.[5] It is thought that pelvic floor muscle (PFM) dysfunction is implicated in many forms of dyspareunia, while the nature and aeti...