This pilot, multicenter, interventional study investigates the expression of HOXB7 and its associated molecular pathway in lung tissue and blood-derived exosomes from patients with pulmonary fibrosis (PF), including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and proteomic analysis via mass spectrometry (MS), the study aims to identify tissue and circulating biomarkers associated with fibrosis progression. The study compares different biopsy techniques (surgical vs. transbronchial cryobiopsy) and also includes a control group of patients undergoing lung resection for non-fibrotic conditions.