• Inclusion Criteria for Group 1:

⁃ i. Male or female, age 18 or older

⁃ ii. Meets diagnostic criteria for lifetime bipolar I or II disorder according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 (DSM-5) criteria, as confirmed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)

⁃ iii. Currently in a depressive episode or currently in remission from a mood episode

⁃ iv. Young Mania Rating Scale total score ≤ 8

⁃ v. In the opinion of the investigator, capable of understanding and complying with protocol requirements

⁃ vi. In the opinion of the investigator, has the competency to understand and sign the informed consent

⁃ vii. Subject is compliant with taking psychiatric medication(s) per the investigator's discretion

⁃ a. Inclusion Criteria for Group 2:

⁃ i. Male or female, age 18 or older

⁃ ii. Meets diagnostic criteria for lifetime bipolar I or II disorder according to DSM-5 criteria, as confirmed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)

⁃ iii. Currently in a depressive episode or currently in remission from a mood episode

⁃ iv. Meets diagnostic criteria for a current anxiety disorder (generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and/or social phobia) as confirmed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)

⁃ v. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale total score ≥ 18

⁃ vi. Young Mania Rating Scale total score ≤ 8

⁃ vii. In the opinion of the investigator, capable of understanding and complying with protocol requirements

⁃ viii. In the opinion of the investigator, has the competency to understand and sign the informed consent

⁃ ix. Subject is compliant with taking psychiatric medication(s) per the investigator's discretion

⁃ a. Inclusion Criteria for Group 3:

⁃ i. Male or female, age 18 or older

⁃ ii. Meets diagnostic criteria for lifetime bipolar I or II disorder according to the DSM-5 criteria, as confirmed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)

⁃ iii. Meets diagnostic criteria for a substance use disorder within the last 3 months

⁃ iv. Meets diagnostic criteria for a current anxiety disorder (generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and/or social phobia) as confirmed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)

⁃ v. Currently in a depressive episode or currently in remission from a mood episode

⁃ vi. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale total score ≥ 18

⁃ vii. Young Mania Rating Scale total score ≤ 8

⁃ viii. In the opinion of the investigator, capable of understanding and complying with protocol requirements

⁃ ix. In the opinion of the investigator, has the competency to understand and sign the informed consent

⁃ x. Subject is compliant with taking psychiatric medication(s) per the investigator's discretion

⁃ a. Inclusion Criteria for Group 4:

⁃ i. Male or female, age 18 or older

⁃ ii. Meets diagnostic criteria for lifetime bipolar I or II disorder according to the DSM-5 criteria, as confirmed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)

⁃ iii. Meets diagnostic criteria for a substance use disorder within the last 3 months

⁃ iv. Currently in a depressive episode or currently in remission from a mood episode

⁃ v. Young Mania Rating Scale total score ≤ 8

⁃ vi. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale total score ≤ 12

⁃ vii. In the opinion of the investigator, capable of understanding and complying with protocol requirements

⁃ viii. In the opinion of the investigator, has the competency to understand and sign the informed consent

⁃ ix. Subject is compliant with taking psychiatric medication(s) per the investigator's discretion

• Inclusion criteria for Group 5:

⁃ i. Male or female, age 18 or older

⁃ ii. In the opinion of the investigator, capable of understanding and complying with protocol requirements

⁃ iii. In the opinion of the investigator, has the competency to understand and sign the informed consent

⁃ iv. Physically healthy as determined by research psychiatrist

⁃ v. Without any current and/or lifetime psychiatric disorder as confirmed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)