Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer has significantly improved oncological outcomes, approximately 50% of patients do not respond to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which has adverse effects on patients by causing treatment toxicity and surgical delays. Therefore, treatment tailored specifically to the individual patient based on the genetic and/or molecular profile of the patient is urgently needed. Among patients scheduled for neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the investigators should differentiate between patients who will be highly effective with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and those who will not, and preferentially select other treatments including radical cystectomy in the patients with high probability of failure to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, there is no standard which patients would benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This study plans to predict treatment response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer by analyzing genetic and molecular profiles of tumor tissues obtained through transurethral bladder tumor resection.