Active_comparator: conventional Robotic Assisted Radical Prostatectomy group

The conventional RARP utilizes a traditional anterior approach through the patient's head-down, feet-up supine position, with either transabdominal or extraperitoneal access. After establishing pneumoperitoneum, precise dissection of the Retzius space is performed to expose the prostate and surrounding structures. The deep dorsal venous complex is pre-emptively ligated to control bleeding, followed by sharp dissection of the bladder neck while preserving the ureteral orifices. The seminal vesicles and vas deferens are then mobilized, with selective preservation of the neurovascular bundles based on the tumor's characteristics to maintain erectile function. The prostate apex and urethra are delicately dissected while protecting the sphincter, and after complete prostate removal, a continuous, tension-free anastomosis of the bladder and urethra is performed using absorbable sutures. Lymph node dissection is carried out if necessary. Throughout the procedure

Experimental: Improved Robotic-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy group

The procedure is performed in a head-down, feet-up supine position with an abdominal or extraperitoneal approach. The right peritoneum is opened along the right external iliac vein to clear the obturator nerve, vessels, and lymph nodes. The external and internal iliac lymph nodes are also cleared. The right pelvic fascia is incised to remove prostate fat while preserving the bladder's anterior wall peritoneum. The same approach is used on the left side. The peritoneum is retracted to clear anterior prostate fat, and the deep venous complex is ligated to expose the prostate. Prostatectomy is performed, followed by urethra and bladder anastomosis, and peritoneal suturing with drainage tube placement.