Coronary Heart Disease Clinical Trials

• Give signed written informed consent to participate.

• At least 40 years of age at baseline visit.

• Previous or newly diagnosed by at least one of the 3 types of CVD which are,

‣ Coronary heart disease ( CHD )

⁃ Atrial fibrillation (AF )

⁃ Chronic heart failure ( CHF )

• Participants can undergo spirometry testing and does not have the following serious diseases or disease states：

‣ Shock within the last 3 months

⁃ Mycardial infarction, stroke or unstable angina within last 1 month

⁃ Currently suffering from severe HF or severe arrhythmia. Severe HF refers to the need for intravenous administration of vasoactive drugs and diuretics; severe arrhythmia refers to arrhythmias that cause hemodynamic instability, such as ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia

⁃ Severe hemoptysis or active gastrointestinal bleeding within last 1 month

⁃ Patients with seizures requiring medication

⁃ Patients with hypertensive crisis or uncontrolled hypertension \[systolic blood pressure \> 200 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure \> 100 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa)\]

⁃ Patients with active respiratory infectious diseases or infectious diseases, such as open pulmonary tuberculosis, influenza, new coronavirus infection, and acute pneumonia

⁃ Patients with aortic or cerebral aneurysms

⁃ Pneumothorax and pneumothorax healing within last 1 month

⁃ Patients with severe hyperthyroidism

⁃ Patients who have recently had eye, ear, cranial or thoracic or abdominal surgery Note: If the patient can cooperate by completing a single, effective forced exhalation (≥6 seconds), then spirometry testing can be performed.

• Subjects have the cognitive ability to conduct questionnaires after e valuated by investigators.