Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Sleep and Cognitive Function in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease: a Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Study
Previous studies have shown that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can improve cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but studies on the improvement of sleep disorders in AD are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of rTMS on sleep and cognition in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD).
• Participant meets 2014 IWG-2 criteria for hippocampal amnestic syndrome, typical of AD, with progressive episodic memory impairment confirmed by neuropsychology. Cerebrospinal fluid markers (Aβ40, Aβ42, T-tau, p-tau) consistent with AD, or AV-45 PET imaging showing significant cortical tracer retention, in line with AD pathophysiology.
• Age range: 55-80 years.
• No visual or hearing impairment.
• Right-handed.
• Han nationality.
• Signed informed consent.
• Reliable caregivers as information providers.
• MMSE score: 10-27; CDR: 0.5-2 points.
• If receiving approved AD treatment (e.g., acetylcholinesterase inhibitor or memantine), dose must be stable for ≥3 months prior to screening and unchanged unless medically necessary.