The overarching objective of this two-phase project is to assess the effects of fortifying iodized salt with folic acid on improving women's folate status and thereby reduce the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs), which are highly prevalent in Ethiopia. The project will be conducted in two phases. The purpose of Phase 1, described herein, is to complete formative research in preparation for a community-based, randomized trial, which will be carried out in Phase 2. The objectives of Phase 1 are to: 1) assess the hematological condition and nutritional status with respect to folate, iodine, and other micronutrients among non-pregnant women of reproductive age (WRA) in the study communities, and 2) measure discretionary salt and dietary folate intakes of the women and their households.