Psychophysiological Biomarkers to Assess the Effectiveness of Surface EMG Biofeedback as an Alternative Therapy to Reduce Chronic Low Back Pain
The prevalence of chronic low back pain (CLBP) among the Pakistani population is reported to be as high as 78% leading towards different physiological and psychosocial alterations with the worst cases suffering from disabilities. CLBP is a multifactorial phenomenon in which age, gender, comorbidities, lifestyle conditions, profession, working hours, and different stressors play their roles in its causation. However, different therapeutic techniques have been determined to reduce CLBP. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the biofeedback surface EMG (sEMG) technique in reducing chronic low back pain among sufferers in the long run.
• Individuals who constantly experience low back pain for the last three months.
• Individuals who seek care from healthcare provider due to low back pain
• Individuals with average pain intensity, were assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) over the past week ≥ 2 on a 0-10 scale.
• Individuals with an average Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score ≥ 4.
• Individuals with State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) score ≥ 20.