Long-term Comparative Effectiveness for Osteoporosis/Osteoporosis and Metabolic Disease in Adult Asthmatic Patients Maintaining Inhaled/Systemic Corticosteroid: a Real-world Evidence
The goal of this retrospective/observational study is to compare the clinical outcomes between the high-cumulative-dose group and the low- cumulative-dose group of oral/inhaled corticosteroid in the long-term management of asthma patients. The main hypothesis are: i. High cumulative dose of corticosteroid is related to the prevalence of osteoporosis/osteoporosis in the long-term management of adult asthma. ii. High cumulative dose of corticosteroid can affect populations that have a high-risk of osteoporosis (females over 50 years of age). iii. High cumulative dose of corticosteroid is related to the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in the long-term management of adult asthma. iv. High cumulative dose of corticosteroid affects bone metabolism-related diagnostic tests and laboratory values and the prescription rate of bone metabolism-related medications.
• ii. At least 1 asthma diagnosis within 1 year before the first corticosteroid exposure date by asthma specialists at Ajou University Medical Center (AUMC, Suwon, South Korea) with informed consent.
• iii. A high cumulative dose is defined as the dose of corticosteroids above the mean cumulative dose of corticosteroids prescribed during 1 year.
• iv. The equivalent dose will use for calculating the mean cumulative dose of each inhaled corticosteroid inhaler or systemic corticosteroid prescribed.
• v. Prescriptions within 365 days from the first prescription will be assumed to be continuous, and the cohort end date will be defined as the end of the continuous drug exposure.