• Age ≥ 18 years old;

• Histologically or cytologically diagnosed as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC);

• Clinically staged as IIIB-IV, unresectable locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic NSCLC according to the 8th edition of the AJCC Lung Cancer Staging Manual;

• ROS1 fusion detected in tissue, cytological, or liquid biopsy specimens (such as plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural effusion, or ascites) through molecular testing methods such as FISH, RT-PCR, NGS, etc.;

• At least one measurable lesion according to RECIST 1.1 criteria;

• No prior systemic anti-cancer treatment for locally advanced/metastatic disease (such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, anti-angiogenic therapy, etc.); patients who have previously received platinum-based adjuvant/neoadjuvant chemo/radiotherapy or radical chemo/radiotherapy for progressive disease are eligible if disease progression occurs more than 6 months after the last treatment;

• For patients who have progressed on first-line treatment with entrectinib and have tissue specimens or peripheral blood samples before and after treatment with entrectinib, they may participate in this study;

• For patients who are currently on first-line treatment with entrectinib and have not yet progressed, if they have tissue specimens or peripheral blood samples before treatment with entrectinib and agree to participate in this study and sign an informed consent form to collect tissue specimens or peripheral blood samples at the time of first treatment follow-up progression, they may participate in this study;

• For newly diagnosed patients who have not yet received any drug treatment, those who need first-line treatment with entrectinib according to the clinical standard of care, after agreeing to participate in this study and signing an informed consent form, will have tissue specimens or peripheral blood samples collected before treatment with entrectinib, followed by routine drug use and treatment follow-up, and additional tissue specimens or peripheral blood samples will be collected at the time of first treatment follow-up progression;

• Cooperate with the researchers to provide clinical and pathological data, imaging data, biological specimen collection, follow-up, etc., required for the study process, and agree to use the testing data for this study.