Experimental: Paravertebral Block (PVB)Group

Participants in this arm will receive a paravertebral nerve block (PVB) performed intraoperatively under ultrasound guidance prior to the thoracic surgical procedure. The block will target the relevant thoracic vertebral levels corresponding to the surgical site. Standard local anesthetic agents will be administered according to institutional protocols. This intervention aims to provide perioperative analgesia, reduce postoperative pain, and potentially decrease the incidence of postoperative complications. All participants will also receive standard intraoperative monitoring and anesthesia management as per routine clinical practice.

No_intervention: Control Group

Participants in this arm will receive standard perioperative analgesia without the administration of a paravertebral block. Pain management will follow institutional protocols, which may include systemic opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or other conventional analgesic methods. All participants will undergo the thoracic surgical procedure under standard intraoperative monitoring and anesthesia management as per routine clinical practice. This arm serves as the control group for evaluating the clinical effects of intraoperative paravertebral block on postoperative pain and complication rates.