Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Related Measures as Biomarker of Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease (PD)
The goal of the present study is to explore the diagnostic and prognostic value of neurophysiological biomarkers obtained through paired-pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) techniques in individuals affected by Parkinson's disease (PD) with and without cognitive decline. The main questions it aims to answer are: * TMS measures of cortical excitability are able to distinguish between PD patients cognitively normal, PD-Mild Cognitive Impairment (PD-MCI) and PD-Dementia (PD-D)? * TMS measures of cortical excitability are able to predict progression of PD patient cognitive status from cognitively normal to PD-MCI and PD-D?
• Age \> 18 years
• Ability to undergo an extensive neuropsychological evaluation
• Ability to sign informed consent for the study
• Diagnosed with idiopathic PD according to the latest revision of the MDS criteria
• On stable and optimal antiparkinsonian therapy for at least four weeks