• Ability of the patient to understand the purpose of the study, provide signed and dated informed consent prior to performing any protocol-related procedures (including screening evaluations), and be able and willing to comply with the study procedures.

• Age ≥ 18 years.

• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status 0-1 (cf. Appendix).

• Histologically confirmed NSCLC.

• Disease progression after at least one standard therapy and without any approved curative-intended treatment option.

• Accessible tumor lesion/metastasis for tumor collection.

• Willingness of the patient to undergo a surgical intervention (eg, surgical resection and/or biopsy) to collect one or more tumor lesions/metastases.

• Adequate organ function (pulmonary, cardiovascular, hematological, hepatic, and renal function) per investigator's judgment. Cardiac stress testing is required for all patients with underlying cardiac conditions and patients with age ≥ 50 years.

• Negative serum pregnancy test in women of childbearing potential, in peri-menopausal women and in women with less than 2 years of menopause.