Morphological Characteristics of Furcation Involvement in Mandibular Molars and Efficacy of Regenerative Surgical Treatment: A Cross-Sectional and Interventional Trial
This study consists of two components evaluating furcation involvement in mandibular molars among Stage III or Stage IV periodontitis patients. Component 1 is a cross-sectional study evaluating the prevalence and morphological characteristics of Hamp Class II furcation defects during initial screening. Component 2 is a randomized controlled clinical trial in 30 selected patients comparing the diagnostic accuracy of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) against direct intra-operative clinical measurements, as well as evaluating the clinical and radiographic outcomes of regenerative periodontal surgery using Acellular Dermal Matrix (ADM) + Enamel Matrix Derivative (EMD) + Xenograft versus Autogenous Connective Tissue Graft (CTG) + EMD + Xenograft.
• Patients aged 18 years or older who signed the informed consent form.
• Diagnosed with Stage III or Stage IV periodontitis according to the 2017 AAP/EFP classification.
• Completed non-surgical periodontal therapy with full-mouth plaque score (FMPS) and bleeding on probing (FMBS) \<= 20%.
• Presence of at least one mandibular molar with Hamp Class II furcation involvement (horizontal bone loss \> 3 mm without through-and-through communication).
• Target tooth requirements:
‣ Probing pocket depth (PPD) \>= 5 mm.
⁃ Clinical attachment loss (CAL) \>= 3 mm.
⁃ Tooth mobility \<= Grade I (Miller index).
⁃ Vital pulp or adequately filled root canal treatment without periapical radiolucency.
⁃ Gingival margin positioned coronal to the furcation entrance.
⁃ Intact tooth structure without root fractures or furcation caries.