The present research project aims to explore the value that contact relationships between caregivers and the preterm infant may have in terms of promoting developmental and maturational processes,by attending to the neurobehavioral states of the infant in response to maternal and paternal voice. The study is aimed at furthering the still underdeveloped knowledge regarding the possible effects of the paternal voice on the neurobehavioral states of the preterm infant in the crib, comparing them with the effects of exposure to the maternal voice and the voice of a familiar but non-parental figure, such as the NICU nurse. These behavioral states will also be observed as a function of the psychological condition of the parents, investigating the presence of a possible postpartum depressive condition and/or anxiety of the mother and symptomatology attributable to perinatal affective disorders in the fathers, which are often overlooked; and again, the neurobehavioral responses of the infants will be correlated with the neurophysiological responses of the parents/nurses who interact with them through voice and touch. The research aims to have a direct impact on both parents and health care personnel: in addition to questionnaires dedicated to screening parents for perinatal psychological disorders, artificial intelligence systems will be used to intercept possible postpartum depression early by recording the maternal voice, enabling the activation of a psychological support intervention and reducing the negative impact that a postpartum depression has on the early mother-child relationship. In addition, information on parent-child interactive modalities will be able to further guide the intake of assignment and particularly the accompaniment of parents during the time of hospitalization.