One-lung ventilation is a mechanical ventilation method frequently used during several thoracic surgeries. One-lung ventilation requires the use of protective ventilation to limit ventilator-induced injury and reduce postoperative respiratory complications. Protective ventilation during one-lung ventilation is specific since tidal volumes are applied by definition to one lung, and it is recommended to use lower tidal volumes, down to 4 ml/kg of ideal body weight. This approach requires individualized ventilation parameters, which differs from the conventional or two-lung ventilation, and there are no clear recommendations regarding respiratory rate adjustment to ensure adequate gas exchange.