• Each subject must meet all the following criteria to be enrolled in this study:

• All subjects who had previously indicated for TLIF surgery can participate in this study, with the following evidence:

⁃ Has degenerative disease of the lumbosacral spine in one or two adjacent levels (L1 to S1), manifested by:

∙ Low back pain, or

‣ Irradiating leg or buttock pain, paresthesia, numbness, or weakness, or

‣ History of neurogenic claudication.

⁃ Has radiographic evidence (e.g. CT, MRI, x-ray, etc.) of degenerative lumbosacral disease including at least one of the following:

∙ Instability as defined by ≥3 mm translation or ≥5-degree angulation

‣ Decreased disc height, on average by ≥2 mm, but dependent upon the spinal level

‣ Scarring/thickening of ligamentum flavum or annulus fibrosis

‣ Herniated nucleus pulposus

‣ Vacuum phenomenon

‣ Grade 1 spondylolisthesis/retrolisthesis based on the Meyerding classification (Meyerding, Henry William, 1932), or lateral listhesis demonstrated by coronal plane translation (slippage) of the superior (cranial) vertebral body lateral to the inferior (caudal) vertebral body less than or equal to 3mm, or

‣ Stenosis, or narrowing, of the lumbar spinal canal and/or intervertebral foramen requiring significant decompression leading to segmental instability, or

‣ Recurrent disc herniation

• Further inclusion criteria:

• Skeletally mature adults ages 18 - 80 years of age

• Able to read and understand all documents used in this study, including the informed consent and patient-reported outcome questionnaires