Effects of Intranasal Insulin Plus Exercise Training on Brain Blood Flow, Neuronal Insulin Signaling, and Cognition in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
About 6.5 million adults in the United States who are 65 or older have dementia. While the exact cause of dementia is not known, it may be due to changes in the brain. Further, risk may be higher when the brain does not respond to insulin. Indeed, brain insulin resistance has emerged as a pathologic factor affecting memory, executive function as well as systemic glucose control. Regular aerobic exercise may help reduce the risk of dementia by increased blood flow to the brain and help the brain respond better to insulin. In addition, giving insulin through a nose spray (called intranasal insulin) may also help with thinking and memory. However, it is unknown if using both exercise and intranasal insulin is best for the brain.
• Male or female 55-80 years old
• Type 2 diabetes diagnosis or confirmation HbA1c \>6.5% and fasting glucose \>126 mg/dl
• Individuals prescribed metformin, GLP-1 agonists (oral/injectable), TZDs, DPP-IV inhibitors, Acarbose, SGLT-2 inhibitors \>6 months.
• MOCA ≥26
• Body mass index (BMI) ≥25 and ≤40 kg/m2
• Not diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes
• Not currently engaged in \<90 min/wk of exercise