Cerebrovascular, Cognitive, Pro-Inflammatory, and Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Cancer Survivors With and Without Type II Diabetes Reporting Chemo-Brain: Baseline Differences and Impact of Activity
The growing U.S. cancer survivor population is projected to hit 26M by 2040. Chemotherapy represents an effective cancer treatment but can diminish cancer survivors' quality of life-particularly cognitive function-through select pathophysiological processes. Research on chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (hereafter, 'chemo-brain') is therefore critical. Chemotherapy disrupts immune system function and antioxidant regulation, causing inflammatory molecule release and damaging the brain's blood vessels. The brain's vascular function and, possibly, its neurons, are subsequently impaired-likely contributing to chemo-brain. Type 2 diabetes (T2D), a common cancer survivor comorbidity, shares underlying pathophysiology with chemo-brain. T2D-related insulin resistance can precipitate repeated high blood sugar episodes which increase inflammatory molecule release. In individuals with T2D without cancer, negative relationships are observed between inflammatory molecule concentrations and the brain's vascular and/or cognitive function. Cancer survivors with T2D might thus have higher chemo-brain risk than those without T2D. Yet, more research must compare how the brain's vascular function, as well as cognitive, inflammatory, and cardiometabolic indices, differ between these groups. Physical activity (PA) counteracts chemo-brain's and T2D's pathophysiology, with higher PA/fitness resulting in better vascular function of the brain, lower inflammatory molecule concentrations, and improved insulin sensitivity. We are therefore conducting a 30-participant quasi-experimental pilot study in cancer survivors with (cases) and without (controls) T2D. We will first investigate between-group differences in the brain's vascular function as well as cognitive, inflammatory, cardiometabolic, and epigenetic outcomes. We will then examine between-group changes in these outcomes and select psychosocial metrics during a 12-week technology-based PA program-potentially further elucidating involved mechanisms.
• ≥18 years old
• ability to speak/read English
• ability to provide informed consent
• underwent treatment within the last three years for a non-central nervous system-related cancer with said treatment having included chemotherapy
• self-reported cognitive difficulties following cancer treatment
• For CS+T2D: current T2D diagnosis as classified by a fasted blood glucose of ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test of ≥200 mg/dL, HbA1c level of ≥6.5%, or use of medications to treat hyperglycemia (e.g., Metformin) or For CS: no current T2D diagnosis as classified by a fasted blood glucose \<100 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test \<140 mg/dL, or HbA1c level of \<5.7%. Presence/absence of T2D to be confirmed preferentially via physician's documentation
• own smartphone and/or computer with internet access
• willing to participate in the 12-week remotely-delivered PA program