Brain Activity Among Children With Overactive Bladder and Daytime Urinary Incontinence and Healthy Children, and Modulation of Brain Activity by Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation - a Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
The aim of this study is to investigate whether the activity in brain areas controlling the bladder is different among children suffering from Overactive Bladder (OAB) and Daytime Urinary Incontinence (DUI) compared to age- and gender-matched healthy children without bladder symptoms. Moreover, the aim is to investigate if sacral transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) has a central mechanism of action. Children with OAB and DUI will be recruited from involved pediatric departments, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) will be performed before and after 10 weeks of sacral TENS. In healthy children without bladder symptoms, only the baseline fMRI will be performed.
• Overactive Bladder as per International Children's Continence Society criteria (cases only).
• At least 2 incontinence episodes per week (cases only).
• No urinary tract symptoms (healthy participants only).
• More than 3 daily urinations.
• Normal clinical examination.