Brand Name
Veletri
Generic Name
Epoprostenol
View Brand Information FDA approval date: April 22, 2010
Classification: Prostacycline Vasodilator
Form: Injection
What is Veletri (Epoprostenol)?
VELETRI is indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension to improve exercise capacity. Studies establishing effectiveness included predominantly patients with NYHA Functional Class III–IV symptoms and etiologies of idiopathic or heritable PAH or PAH associated with connective tissue diseases. VELETRI is a prostacyclin vasodilator indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension to improve exercise capacity. Studies establishing effectiveness included predominantly patients with NYHA Functional Class III–IV symptoms and etiologies of idiopathic or heritable PAH or PAH associated with connective tissue diseases.
Approved To Treat
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Brand Information
Veletri (epoprostenol)
1INDICATIONS AND USAGE
VELETRI is indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (WHO Group 1) to improve exercise capacity. Studies establishing effectiveness included predominantly patients with NYHA Functional Class III–IV symptoms and etiologies of idiopathic or heritable PAH or PAH associated with connective tissue diseases.
2DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
Important Note: Reconstitute VELETRI only as directed with Sterile Water for Injection, USP, or Sodium Chloride 0.9% Injection, USP. Do not dilute reconstituted solutions of VELETRI or administer it with other parenteral solutions or medications [see .
2.1Dosage
Prepare continuous chronic infusion of VELETRI as directed, and administer through a central venous catheter. Temporary peripheral intravenous infusion may be used until central access is established. Initiate chronic infusion of VELETRI at 2 ng/kg/min and increase in increments of 2 ng/kg/min every 15 minutes or longer until a tolerance limit to the drug is established or further increases in the infusion rate are not clinically warranted. If dose-limiting pharmacologic effects occur, then decrease the infusion rate until VELETRI is tolerated. In clinical trials, the most common dose-limiting adverse events were nausea, vomiting, hypotension, sepsis, headache, abdominal pain, or respiratory disorder (most treatment-limiting adverse events were not serious). If the initial infusion rate of 2 ng/kg/min is not tolerated, use a lower dose.
In the controlled 12-week trial in PAH/SSD, for example, the dose increased from a mean starting dose of 2.2 ng/kg/min. During the first 7 days of treatment, the dose was increased daily to a mean dose of 4.1 ng/kg/min on day 7 of treatment. At the end of week 12, the mean dose was 11.2 ng/kg/min. The mean incremental increase was 2 to 3 ng/kg/min every 3 weeks.
2.2Dosage Adjustments
Base changes in the chronic infusion rate on persistence, recurrence, or worsening of the patient's symptoms of pulmonary hypertension and the occurrence of adverse events due to excessive doses of VELETRI. In general, expect increases in dose from the initial chronic dose.
Consider increments in dose if symptoms of pulmonary hypertension persist or recur. Adjust the infusion by 1- to 2-ng/kg/min increments at intervals sufficient to allow assessment of clinical response; these intervals should be at least 15 minutes. In clinical trials, incremental increases in dose occurred at intervals of 24 to 48 hours or longer. Following establishment of new chronic infusion rate, observe the patient, and monitor standing and supine blood pressure and heart rate for several hours to ensure that the new dose is tolerated.
During chronic infusion, the occurrence of dose-limiting pharmacological events may necessitate a decrease in infusion rate, but the adverse event may occasionally resolve without dosage adjustment. Make dosage decreases gradually in 2-ng/kg/min decrements every 15 minutes or longer until the dose-limiting effects resolve
In patients receiving lung transplants, doses of epoprostenol were tapered after the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass.
2.3Administration
VELETRI, once prepared as directed
Infusion sets with an in-line 0.22 micron filter should be used.
The ambulatory infusion pump used to administer VELETRI should: (1) be small and lightweight, (2) be able to adjust infusion rates in 2-ng/kg/min increments, (3) have occlusion, end-of-infusion, and low-battery alarms, (4) be accurate to ±6% of the programmed rate, and (5) be positive pressure-driven (continuous or pulsatile) with intervals between pulses not exceeding 3 minutes at infusion rates used to deliver VELETRI. The reservoir should be made of polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, or glass. The infusion pump used in the most recent clinical trials was the CADD-1 HFX 5100 (SIMS Deltec). A 60-inch microbore non-DEHP extension set with proximal antisyphon valve, low priming volume (0.9 mL), and in-line 0.22 micron filter was used during clinical trials.
To avoid potential interruptions in drug delivery, the patient should have access to a backup infusion pump and intravenous infusion sets. Consider a multi-lumen catheter if other intravenous therapies are routinely administered.
2.4Reconstitution
VELETRI is
Use after reconstitution and immediate dilution to final concentration.
Use at room temperature (77°F/25°C)
VELETRI solution reconstituted with 5 mL of Sterile Water for Injection, USP or Sodium Chloride 0.9% Injection
Use at higher temperatures >77°F up to 104°F (>25° to 40°C)
Temperatures greater than 77°F and up to 86°F (>25°C to 30°C): A single reservoir of fully diluted solution of 60,000 ng/mL or above of VELETRI prepared as directed can be administered (either immediately or after up to 8 days storage at 36° to 46°F (2° to 8°C)) for up to 48 hours. For diluted solutions of less than 60,000 ng/mL, pump reservoirs should be changed every 24 hours.
Temperatures up to 104°F (40°C): Fully diluted solutions of 60,000 ng/mL or above of VELETRI, prepared as directed, can be immediately administered for periods up to 24 hours.
Do not expose this solution to direct sunlight.
A concentration for the solution of VELETRI should be selected that is compatible with the infusion pump being used with respect to minimum and maximum flow rates, reservoir capacity, and the infusion pump criteria listed above. VELETRI, when administered chronically, should be prepared in a drug delivery reservoir appropriate for the infusion pump. Outlined in Table 2 are directions for preparing different concentrations of VELETRI.
Each vial is for single-dose; discard any unused solution.
Infusion rates may be calculated using the following formula:
Tables 3 to 7 provide infusion delivery rates for doses up to 16 ng/kg/min based upon patient weight, drug delivery rate, and concentration of the solution of VELETRI to be used. These tables may be used to select the most appropriate concentration of VELETRI that will result in an infusion rate between the minimum and maximum flow rates of the infusion pump and that will allow the desired duration of infusion from a given reservoir volume. For infusion/dose rates lower than those listed in Tables 3 to 7, it is recommended that the pump rate be set by a healthcare professional such that steady state is achieved in the patient, keeping in mind the half-life of epoprostenol is no more than six minutes. Higher infusion rates, and therefore, more concentrated solutions may be necessary with long-term administration of VELETRI.
3DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
VELETRI contains epoprostenol sodium equivalent to 0.5 mg (500,000 ng) or 1.5 mg (1,500,000 ng) epoprostenol and is supplied as a sterile lyophilized material in a 10 mL vial.
4CONTRAINDICATIONS
A large study evaluating the effect of epoprostenol on survival in NYHA Class III and IV patients with congestive heart failure due to severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction was terminated after an interim analysis of 471 patients revealed a higher mortality in patients receiving epoprostenol plus conventional therapy than in those receiving conventional therapy alone. The chronic use of VELETRI in patients with congestive heart failure due to severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction is therefore contraindicated.
Some patients with pulmonary hypertension have developed pulmonary edema during dose initiation, which may be associated with pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. VELETRI should not be used chronically in patients who develop pulmonary edema during dose initiation.
VELETRI is also contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug or to structurally related compounds.
5DRUG INTERACTIONS
Additional reductions in blood pressure may occur when VELETRI is administered with diuretics, antihypertensive agents, or other vasodilators. When other antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants are used concomitantly, there is the potential for VELETRI to increase the risk of bleeding. However, patients receiving infusions of epoprostenol in clinical trials were maintained on anticoagulants without evidence of increased bleeding. In clinical trials, epoprostenol was used with digoxin, diuretics, anticoagulants, oral vasodilators, and supplemental oxygen.
In a pharmacokinetic substudy in patients with congestive heart failure receiving furosemide or digoxin in whom therapy with epoprostenol was initiated, apparent oral clearance values for furosemide (n=23) and digoxin (n=30) were decreased by 13% and 15%, respectively, on the second day of therapy and had returned to baseline values by day 87. The change in furosemide clearance value is not likely to be clinically significant. However, patients on digoxin may show elevations of digoxin concentrations after initiation of therapy with epoprostenol, which may be clinically significant in patients prone to digoxin toxicity.
6OVERDOSAGE
Signs and symptoms of excessive doses of epoprostenol during clinical trials are the expected dose-limiting pharmacologic effects of epoprostenol, including flushing, headache, hypotension, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Treatment will ordinarily require dose reduction of epoprostenol.
One patient with secondary pulmonary hypertension accidentally received 50 mL of an unspecified concentration of epoprostenol. The patient vomited and became unconscious with an initially unrecordable blood pressure. Epoprostenol was discontinued and the patient regained consciousness within seconds. In clinical practice, fatal occurrences of hypoxemia, hypotension, and respiratory arrest have been reported following overdosage of epoprostenol.
Single intravenous doses of epoprostenol at 10 and 50 mg/kg (2,703 and 27,027 times the recommended acute phase human dose based on body surface area) were lethal to mice and rats, respectively. Symptoms of acute toxicity were hypoactivity, ataxia, loss of righting reflex, deep slow breathing, and hypothermia.
7DESCRIPTION
Epoprostenol sodium is the sodium salt of epoprostenol, formulated as a sterile lyophilized powder for intravenous (IV) administration. Each vial of VELETRI contains epoprostenol sodium equivalent to either 0.5 mg (500,000 ng) or 1.5 mg (1,500,000 ng) epoprostenol, 50 mg arginine and 100 mg sucrose. Sodium hydroxide is added to adjust pH.
Epoprostenol (PGI
Epoprostenol is (5
VELETRI is a white to off-white lyophilized powder material. It is reconstituted with Sterile Water for Injection, USP, or Sodium Chloride 0.9% Injection, USP.
The reconstituted solution of VELETRI has a pH ranging from 11 to 13 and is increasingly unstable at a lower pH.
8PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION
Patients receiving VELETRI should receive the following information.
VELETRI must be reconstituted as directed using only Sterile Water for Injection, USP, or Sodium Chloride 0.9% Injection, USP. VELETRI is infused continuously through a permanent indwelling central venous catheter via a small, portable infusion pump. Thus, therapy with VELETRI requires commitment by the patient to drug reconstitution, drug administration, and care of the permanent central venous catheter. Patients must adhere to sterile technique in preparing the drug and in the care of the catheter, and even brief interruptions in the delivery of VELETRI may result in rapid symptomatic deterioration. A patient's decision to receive VELETRI should be based upon the understanding that there is a high likelihood that therapy with VELETRI will be needed for prolonged periods, possibly years. The patient's ability to accept and care for a permanent intravenous catheter and infusion pump should also be carefully considered.
9PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 0.5 mg Vial Carton
NDC 66215-403-01
VELETRI
0.5 mg (500,000 ng)/vial
Sterile, Lyophilized Product
Rx only
janssen
10PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 1.5 mg Vial Carton
NDC 66215-402-01
VELETRI
1.5 mg (1,500,000 ng)/vial
Sterile, Lyophilized Product
Rx only
janssen
