Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement With Echocardiography Guidance
Conventional transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) relies on fluoroscopic and contrast agents. However, in high-risk patients, exposure to ionizing radiation and contrast agents is contraindicated and undesirable. Echocardiography guidance TAVR can offer a feasible and safer strategy for TAVR.
• symptomatic severe AS determined by echocardiography and Doppler that requiring aortic valve replacement, which is defined as: mean gradient ≥40 mmHg, peak aortic velocity ≥4 m/s, and aortic valve area (AVA) ≤1 cm2 (or an indexed AVA ≤0.6 cm2/m2);
• a history of malignancy or a high familial risk of cancer, with refusal to undergo contrast- or radiation-guided procedures;
• chronic kidney disease and refuse to receive contrast agents or radiation exposure.