Adaptive Neurostimulation to Restore Sleep in Parkinson's Disease: An Investigation of STN LFP Biomarkers in Sleep Dysregulation and Repair
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most common of the age-related neurodegenerative disorders, affecting over 1,900 adults per 100,000 over the age of 80 in the US. The prevalence of sleep dysfunction in PD is estimated at nearly 80-90% which includes sleep fragmentation, insomnia, rapid eye movement (REM or dream sleep) Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD), Restless legs syndrome (RLS), periodic limb movement, excessive daytime sleepiness, and sleep apnea. Sleep is vital to homeostasis, cognition, and nervous system repair. The dysfunctional sleep accompanying PD adversely affects both motor and non-motor symptoms, resulting in diminished quality of life for both patients and caregivers, including impairments in mood and behavior, and increased morbidity and mortality. Knowledge of sleep phenomenology and pathology in humans has largely been informed by analysis of non-invasive scalp electroencephalogram (EEG), and despite the profound importance of sleep, the underlying neural circuits important for controlling sleep and wakefulness in humans remain poorly understood. This study assesses whether adaptive stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus (STN) drives changes in sleep episode maintenance and improves sleep quality. Participants are adults with PD who experience inadequate motor symptom relief, and who have been offered implantation of a deep brain stimulator system targeting STN for the treatment of motor symptoms (standard-of-care). Prior to surgery, participant sleep patterns will be assessed with questionnaires and monitored with a non-invasive watch-like device. Approximately four months after implantation surgery, participants will each receive 2 1-week deep brain stimulation (DBS) treatments and 1 1-week control session with no DBS in random order. Sleep patterns will again be monitored during the treatments and compared to the patterns before surgery.
• Signed informed consent
• Diagnosis of Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) with motor symptoms present for a minimum of 4 years
• Severe motor symptoms (e.g., motor fluctuations, dyskinesia, tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity) despite optimized medical therapy, that warrant surgical implantation of deep brain stimulation (DBS), according to standard clinical criteria
• Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-III) score off medication 20 to 80, and improvement of at least 30% in UPDRS-III score on medications, or tremor-dominant PD (score \>/= 2 on UPDRS-III tremor sub-score) or tremor in addition to other motor symptoms that are treatment-resistant and result in significant functional disability
• Appropriate trials of oral PD medications resulting in inadequate relief of motor symptoms as determined by a movement disorders neurologist, and stable dose of anti-PD medications for 30 days prior to study enrollment
• Requested and approved for subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation surgery (STN DBS) by study site Multi-Disciplinary Movement Disorders Patient Care Conference
• Absence of abnormalities on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan suggestive of an alternate diagnosis or serving as a contraindication to surgery
• Absence of significant cognitive deficits or significant depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II, BDI-II, score \> 20) on formal Neuropsychological Testing
• Age 18 to 80 years (19 to 80 years in Nebraska)
• Able to conduct follow up neurological care exclusively at study site for duration of the RC+S INS neurostimulator device lifespan (9 years)