Crosstalk Between Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells and the Gut Microbiota and Mucosa in the Development of Type 1 Diabetes in Children
To investigate in a prospective way changes in Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells frequency, phenotype and function in link with the gut microbiota, gut integrity and the presence of Coxsackie virus B in two cohorts of pediatric patients: patients with a high genetic risk of type 1 diabetes and pediatric patients with recently diagnosed T1D by comparison with control subjects Tasks: 1. To measure blood MAIT cells frequency, phenotype and function in the three cohorts 2. To analyze gut microbiota and the presence of Coxsackie B enterovirus (CVB) and their impact on MAIT cell function 3. To evaluate gut integrity and analyze the gut mucosa 4. To integrate all the data obtained with T1D development and evolution
⁃ Recent onset group
• age \> 12 months and \< 15 years
• recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes according ISPAD criteria
⁃ At risk subjects:
• age \> 12 months and \< 15 years
• siblings of type 1 diabetic patient
• HLA DR3 and DR4 positive
⁃ Control subjects:
• age \> 12 months and \< 15 years
• no HLA associated with high risk type 1 diabetes
• no antibodies against pancreas antigenes
⁃ Control subjects for UGI endoscopy:
• age \> 12 months and \< 15 years
• suspicion of coeliac disease or gastritis