Experimental: Conventional Insulin Pump and CGM Group

Calculate the total daily insulin requirement based on the patient's weight at a rate of 0.2-0.4 U/（kg·d）, and allocate it to premeal doses according to the patient's specific condition. Monitor blood glucose levels using a continuous glucose monitoring system, combined with five daily capillary blood glucose tests (fasting, 2 hours after breakfast, 2 hours after lunch, 2 hours after dinner, and before bedtime). Adjust the insulin dosage according to the patient's blood glucose levels until the target range is achieved.

Placebo_comparator: Hybrid Closed-Loop Artificial Pancreas with CGM Group

The hybrid closed-loop artificial pancreas group: An open-source hybrid closed-loop system was used with ultra-short-acting insulin (Novo Nordisk A/S, Denmark; Approval No.: J20050097; Spec.: 3 mL: 300 U). The total daily insulin dose was calculated at 0.2-0.4 U/(kg·d) based on patient weight. The system automatically adjusted the basal rate based on blood glucose levels. Physicians prescribed bolus doses based on prior experience and glucose readings, which nurses manually entered into the AAPS software. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was used, with five daily fingerstick capillary blood glucose tests for correction (fasting, 2 hours post-breakfast, lunch, dinner, and before sleep). The AAPS system had a low glucose prediction suspend feature, pausing basal infusion when glucose was predicted to drop below 4.4 mmol/L until it returned to a safe range. An alarm threshold was set at \<3.9 mmol/L with a loud volume to awaken patients during deep sleep.