A Prospective, Observational, Single-Center Study Evaluating Preoperative and Postoperative Changes in the Frontal QRS Axis on Electrocardiogram in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty Under Spinal Anesthesia
This prospective, single-center, observational study aims to evaluate changes in the frontal QRS axis on ECG before and after spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. The primary objective is to determine whether spinal anesthesia causes a significant alteration in the frontal QRS axis. A total of 80 patients will be enrolled, and preoperative and postoperative ECG measurements will be compared using paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test depending on data distribution.
• Aged between 45 and 85 years
• ASA physical status I-III
• Scheduled for elective total knee arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia
• Able to tolerate 12-lead ECG before and within 2 hours after surgery