Evaluation of Periodontal Phenotype Following Orthognathic Surgery: A Two-Center, 6-Month Prospective Clinical and CBCT Study
The goal of this observational study is to learn how the health and thickness of the gums and supporting bone around the teeth change over 6 months in adults having jaw surgery to correct the bite. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Do gum and tooth-support measurements change from before surgery to 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery? * Do CT scan-based measurements of the tooth-supporting bone change over the same time period? Participants will: * Have a gum check-up (periodontal examination) before surgery and at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. * Have CT scan-based measurements (CBCT) taken at the same time points for study assessment.
• Adults aged ≥18 years.
• Presence of a Class III molar relationship of any severity at baseline.
• Presence of a Class II molar relationship of any severity at baseline.
• Presence of transverse arch discrepancies.
• Presence of vertical maxillary excess.
• Presence of maxillary and/or mandibular asymmetry.
• Presence of anterior open bite.
• Full permanent dentition up to the first molars, with no supernumerary teeth and no agenesis (congenital absence) of teeth up to the first molars.
• No previous orthodontic treatment.
• No history of tooth extraction other than second or third molars.
• Availability of complete baseline and end-of-follow-up periodontal parameters and phenotype records suitable for evaluation.
• Healthy periodontium with no signs of gingival hypertrophy.
• No systemic disease history or medication use that could affect gingival/periodontal conditions.