• Age between 18 to 80 years and weight ≥ 40 kg.

• WHO functional classification I-III.

• Diagnosed with PAH caused or related to the following:

⁃ 1\) Idiopathic PAH 2) Hereditary PAH 3) Associated PAH:

• Connective tissue diseases (e.g., scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue disease, etc.)

• Drug or toxin exposure

• Corrected congenital heart diseases for more than 1 year (e.g., atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus) 4. Risk stratification assessed as low-risk or intermediate-risk according to the 2022 ESC/ERS guidelines.

• 5\. Right heart catheterization meets the following criteria (end-expiratory data, original waveform must be retained for quality control):

• 1\) Mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 25 mmHg 2) Pulmonary vascular resistance ≥ 3 Wood units 3) Pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) ≤ 15 mmHg 4) Cardiac output measurement requirements: thermal dilution or direct Fick method; indirect Fick method does not meet study criteria.

• 6\. Pulmonary function tests meet the following criteria:

• 1） Total lung capacity (TLC) ≥ 60% of the predicted normal value; 2） Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) ≥ 55% of the predicted normal value; 3） DLCO\_SB ≥ 40% of the predicted normal value. 7. Baseline 6MWD more than 100 meters repeated twice at screening (measured at least 4 hours apart, but no longer than 1 week), and both values are within 15% of each other (calculated from the highest value) 8. In a resting state, without supplemental oxygen, arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) ≥ 88%.

• 9\. No participation in cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training programs within 12 weeks prior to the screening visit.

• 10\. Females of childbearing potential must agree to use contraception until the end of the study.

• 11\. No participation in clinical studies involving other investigational drugs or devices throughout the study duration.

• 12\. Ability to understand the informed consent form and sign it.