Traditional rehabilitation approaches are time and personnel intensive and costly, and leave \ 75% of stroke survivors with residual disability. We propose a clinical trial to determine effects of forced aerobic exercise (FE; i.e., mechanically supplemented) in facilitating upper and lower extremity motor recovery post-stroke in an outpatient rehabilitation setting, to elucidate neural and biochemical substrates of FE-induced motor recovery, and to evaluate cost effectiveness of a FE-centered intervention compared to traditional stroke rehabilitation. The global effect of FE has the potential to enhance recovery in a growing population of stroke survivors in a cost-effective manner, thus accelerating its clinical acceptance.