Arterial EmbolismSymptoms, Doctors, Treatments, Advances & More
Learn About Arterial Embolism
Arterial embolism refers to a clot (embolus) that has come from another part of the body and causes a sudden interruption of blood flow to an organ or body part.
An "embolus" is a blood clot or a piece of atherosclerotic plaque that acts like a clot. The word "emboli" means there is more than one clot or piece of plaque. When the clot travels from the site where it formed to another location in the body, it is called an embolism.
An arterial embolism may be caused by one or more clots. The clots can get stuck in an artery and block blood flow. The blockage starves tissues of blood and oxygen. This can result in damage or tissue death (necrosis).
Arterial emboli often occur in the legs and feet. Emboli that occur in the brain cause a stroke. Ones that occur in the heart cause a heart attack. Other sites include the kidneys, intestines, and eyes.
Risk factors for arterial embolism include:
- Abnormal heart rhythms such as atrial fibrillation
- Injury or damage to an artery wall
- Conditions that increase blood clotting
Another condition that poses a high risk for embolization (especially to the brain) is mitral stenosis. Endocarditis (infection of the inside of the heart) can also cause arterial emboli.
A common source for an embolus is from areas of hardening (atherosclerosis causing plaque) in the aorta and other large blood vessels. These clots can break loose and flow down to the abdominal organs, legs and feet.
Paradoxical embolization can take place when a clot in a vein enters the right side of the heart and passes through a hole into the left side of the heart. The clot can then move to an artery and block blood flow to the brain (stroke) or other organs.
If a clot travels and lodges in the arteries supplying blood flow to the lungs, it is called a pulmonary embolus.
You may not have any symptoms.
Symptoms may begin quickly or slowly depending on the size of the embolus and how much it blocks the blood flow.
Symptoms of an arterial embolism in the arms or legs may include:
- Cold arm or leg
- Decreased or no pulse in an arm or leg
- Lack of movement in the arm or leg
- Pain in the affected area
- Numbness and tingling in the arm or leg
- Pale color of the arm or leg (pallor)
- Weakness of an arm or leg
Later symptoms:
- Blisters of the skin fed by the affected artery
- Shedding (sloughing) of skin
- Skin erosion (ulcer)
- Tissue death (necrosis; skin is dark and damaged)
Symptoms of a clot in an organ vary with the organ involved but may include:
- Pain in the part of the body that is involved
- Temporary or permanent decreased organ function
Arterial embolism requires prompt treatment at a hospital. The goals of treatment are to control symptoms and to improve the interrupted blood flow to the affected area of the body. The cause of the clot, if found, should be treated to prevent further problems.
Medicines include:
- Anticoagulants (such as warfarin or heparin or one of the newer blood thinners such as apixaban, rivaroxaban, edoxaban, or dabigatran) can prevent new clots from forming
- Antiplatelet medicines (such as aspirin or clopidogrel) can prevent new clots from forming
- Painkillers given through a vein (by IV)
- Thrombolytics (such as streptokinase or tissue-type plasminogen activator) can dissolve clots
Some people need surgery. Procedures include:
- Bypass of the artery (arterial bypass) to create a second source of blood supply
- Clot removal through a balloon catheter placed into the affected artery or through open surgery on the artery (embolectomy)
- Opening of the artery with a balloon catheter (angioplasty) with or without a stent
North Central Heart
Dr. Bacharach specializes in vascular medicine and peripheral vascular invention at North Central Heart in Sioux Falls. Dr. Bacharach is rated as a Distinguished provider by MediFind in the treatment of Arterial Embolism. He is also highly rated in 26 other conditions, according to our data. His clinical expertise encompasses Carotid Artery Disease, Arterial Insufficiency, Patent Foramen Ovale, Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR), and Aortic Valve Replacement. Dr. Bacharach is board certified in American Board Of Internal Medicine With A Subspecialty In Cardiovascular Disease; American Board Of Vascular Medicine With A Subspecialty In Endovascular Medicine.
Bassett Medical Center
Shelby Cooper is a Vascular Surgeon practicing medicine in Cooperstown, New York. Dr. Cooper is rated as a Distinguished provider by MediFind in the treatment of Arterial Embolism. He is also highly rated in 26 other conditions, according to our data. His clinical expertise encompasses Carotid Artery Disease, Arterial Insufficiency, Peripheral Artery Disease, Carotid Artery Surgery, and Splenectomy. Dr. Cooper is board certified in General Surgery And Vascular Surgery, American Board Of Surgery.
Ballad Health CVA Heart Institute-CVT And Vascular Surgery
Steven Hopkins is a Vascular Surgeon practicing medicine in Johnson City, Tennessee. Dr. Hopkins is rated as a Distinguished provider by MediFind in the treatment of Arterial Embolism. He is also highly rated in 7 other conditions, according to our data. His clinical expertise encompasses Carotid Artery Disease, Arterial Embolism, Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA), Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm, and Carotid Artery Surgery. Dr. Hopkins is board certified in American Board Of Surgery.
How well a person does depends on the location of the clot and how much the clot has blocked blood flow and for how long the blockage has been present. Arterial embolism can be very serious if not treated promptly.
The affected area can be permanently damaged. Amputation is needed in up to 1 in 4 cases.
Arterial emboli can come back even after successful treatment.
Complications may include:
- Acute MI (heart attack)
- Infection in the affected tissue
- Septic shock
- Stroke (CVA)
- Temporary or permanent decrease or loss of other organ functions
- Temporary or permanent kidney failure
- Tissue death (necrosis) and gangrene
- Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Go to the emergency room or call 911 or the local emergency number if you have symptoms of arterial embolism.
Prevention begins with finding possible sources of a blood clot. Your provider may prescribe blood thinners (such as warfarin, heparin, or others) to prevent clots from forming. Antiplatelet medicines may also be needed.
You have a higher risk of atherosclerosis and clots if you:
- Smoke
- Do little exercise
- Have high blood pressure
- Have abnormal cholesterol levels
- Have diabetes
- Are overweight
- Are stressed
Summary: The purpose of Case-Specific Health Care Professional (HCP) Clinical Survey of Liberant™ Thrombectomy System, also known as the Liberant Clinical Assessment, is to collect first-in-human clinical data to confirm the safety and performance of the Medtronic Liberant™ thrombectomy system when used for the removal of fresh, soft emboli or thrombi from the vessels of the peripheral arterial and venous ...
Summary: The project is a multicenter, open-label, randomized medical experiment, which was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of single-stage pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) and implantation of left atrial appendage occluder (LAAO) in comparison with either isolated LAAO implantation or chronic therapy with non-vitamin K antagonists anticoagulants (NOAC) in patients with recent-onset ischemic str...
Published Date: April 28, 2026
Published By: Michael A. Chen, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
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