Immunomonitoring of Mold Invasive Infections
Mold invasive infections are associated with an important mortality despite optimization of the antifungal treatment. In a few case reports, immune checkpoints inhibitors, initially developed for neoplastic diseases, have shown a potential beneficial effect in such devastating infections by restoring an efficient immune response. The investigators propose a longitudinal monitoring of the adaptative immune response, notably immune checkpoint expression on T cells, during mold invasive infections to help identify the patients who could benefit from the adjunction of immunotherapy and the optimal timing of such strategy.
• Age ≥ 18 years
• Mold invasive fungal infection: Aspergillus, Mucorales, Fusarium, Scedosporium
• Proven or probable according to 2019 EORTC/MGS criteria modified by the adjunction of diabetes mellitus in the host criteria and Mucorales PCR in the microbiological criteria
• Within 14 days of IFD diagnosis or
• a refractory state defined by the 2009 MGS/EORT failure criteria (clinical, radiological, or microbiological failure) of a first-line antifungal treatment leading to a change of therapy by the attending physician of the patient
• Patients with aspergillosis or mucormycosis for whom ELISPOTs are developed: Total lymphocyte count \> 700/mm3 on the last sample taken
• No opposition to participate to the research
• Affiliated or beneficiary of social security system