What is the definition of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria?

Most of the time, your urine is sterile. This means there is no bacteria growing. On the other hand, if you have symptoms of a bladder or kidney infection, bacteria will be present and growing in your urine.

Sometimes, your health care provider may check your urine for bacteria, even when you do not have any symptoms. If enough bacteria are found in your urine, you have asymptomatic bacteriuria.

What are the alternative names for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria?

Screening - asymptomatic bacteria

What are the causes for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria?

Asymptomatic bacteriuria occurs in a small number of healthy people. It affects women more often than men. The reasons for the lack of symptoms are not well understood.

You are more likely to have this problem if you:

• Have a urinary catheter in place
• Are female
• Are pregnant
• Are sexually active (in females)
• Have long-term diabetes and are female
• Are an older adult
• Have recently had a surgical procedure in your urinary tract

What are the symptoms for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria?

There are no symptoms of this problem.

If you have these symptoms, you may have a urinary tract infection, but you DO NOT have asymptomatic bacteriuria.

• Burning during urination
• Increased urgency to urinate
• Increased frequency of urination

What are the current treatments for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria?

Most people who have bacteria growing in their urine, but no symptoms, do not need treatment. This is because the bacteria are not causing any harm. In fact, treating most people with this problem may make it harder to treat infections in the future.

However, for some people getting a urinary tract infection is more likely or may cause more severe problems. As a result, treatment with antibiotics may be needed if:

• You are pregnant.
• You recently had a kidney transplant.
• You are scheduled for surgery involving the prostate gland or the bladder.
• You have kidney stones that have caused an infection.
• Your young child has reflux (backward movement of urine from the bladder into ureters or kidneys).

Without symptoms being present, even people who are older adults, have diabetes, or have a catheter in place do not need treatment.

What are the possible complications for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria?

If it is not treated, you may have a kidney infection if you are at high risk.

When should I contact a medical professional for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria?

Call your provider if you have:

• Difficulty emptying your bladder
• Fever
• Flank or back pain
• Pain with urination

You will need to be checked for a bladder or kidney infection.

REFERENCES

Dull RB, Friedman SK, Risoldi ZM, Rice EC, Starlin RC, Destache CJ. Antimicrobial treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in noncatheterized adults: a systematic review. Pharmacotherapy. 2014;34(9):941-960. PMID: 24807583 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24807583.

Schaeffer AJ, Matulewicz RS, Klumpp DJ. Infections of the urinary tract. In: Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Partin AW, Peters CA, eds. Campbell-Walsh Urology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 12.

Zalmanovici Trestioreanu A, Lador A, Sauerbrun-Cutler MT, Leibovici L. Antibiotics for asymptomatic bacteriuria. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;4:CD009534. PMID: 25851268 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25851268.