Impact of Stress on Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Patients with peripheral arterial disease are at increased risk suffering from major adverse cardiac and limb events. Acute and chronic stress affect the cardiovascular system. Long-term negative stressors lead to cardiovascular diseases and can aggravate already existing cardiovascular diseases. However, current guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention highlight stress as a cardiovascular risk factor there is a lack of consensus about the definition and measurement of stress. The aim of the proposed trial is to evaluate different stress measuring methods in patients with PAD depending on the occurrence of cardiovascular events.
⁃ Diagnosis of lower extremity PAD based on:
• Limb bypass surgery or
• aorta-femoral bypass surgery or
• percutaneous transluminal angioplasty revascularization of the iliac or infrainguinal arteries or
• limb or foot amputation for arterial vascular disease or
• intermittent claudication and one or more of either an ankle brachial index (ABI) of less than 0.90 or a peripheral artery stenosis (≥50%) documented by angiography or duplex ultrasound or carotid revascularization or asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis of at least 50% diagnosed by duplex ultrasound or angiography