A Phase 2 Randomized Stepped Wedge Study of Emapalumab in APECED Enteritis
Background: Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), also known as Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type-1 (APS-1), is a disease that causes the immune system to attack parts of a person s body. In some people, APECED attacks the small intestine; this causes an illness called enteritis.
Objective: To test a drug (emapalumab) in people with enteritis caused by APECED.
Eligibility: People aged 2 to 75 years with APECED and enteritis. They must also be enrolled in protocol 11-I-0187.
Design: Participants will have 10-13 study visits in an 18-month period. Participants will be screened. They will have a physical exam with blood tests. These tests will be repeated at every study visit. They will have a test of their heart function. This will be at screening and prior to drug administration. Other tests are optional: Participants may have imaging exams and a test of lung function. They may have an endoscopy, which is an exam of their digestive tract. Participants may provide samples of urine, stool, nail clippings, saliva, vaginal fluid, or skin. Photos may be taken of their skin or scalp. These tests may be repeated at some visits. Emapalumab is given through a tube attached to a needle inserted into a vein. All participants will receive 7 doses: 2 on their first study visit; then 1 each at 30-day intervals. Some participants will have an observation period before they begin taking the drug; in those situations, they will either be seen in person or via video visit every 2 months before starting emapalumab to see how their symptoms change over time. Participants will have a follow-up visit 1 month after their last dose. Then they will have 2 telehealth visits at 30-day intervals. They will have a final clinic visit 1 year after their first dose. ...
‣ Participant must be able to understand and provide informed consent.
⁃ Aged \>= 2 to \<= 75 years.
⁃ Currently co-enrolled on NIH protocol 11-I-0187, The Natural History and Pathogenesis of Human Fungal Infections.
⁃ Patients with APECED (genetic or clinical diagnosis) and enteritis (with APECED ES \> 50 at screening).
⁃ Duration of enteritis greater than 6 months.
⁃ Is naive or unresponsive to other treatments for enteritis.
⁃ Willingness to use acyclovir or valacyclovir prophylaxis for the prevention of herpes viral reactivation.
⁃ Willingness to use entecavir prophylaxis against hepatitis B virus reactivation, if applicable.
⁃ Vaccinations should be up to date in agreement with current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention immunization guidelines prior to start of emapalumab.
‣ Proficient in written English.
‣ Participants who can get pregnant or impregnate their partner must agree to use at least one highly effective method of contraception when engaging in sexual activities that can result in pregnancy, starting at screening until 12 weeks after the last dose. Highly effective contraceptive measures include:
• Stable use of combined (estrogen- and progestogen-containing) hormonal contraception (oral, intravaginal, transdermal) or progestogen-only hormonal contraception (oral, injectable, implantable) starting 1 month prior to screening.
• Intrauterine device (IUD); intrauterine hormone-releasing system.
• Two barrier methods (e.g., condom with spermicide, diaphragm with spermicide, or cervical cap and spermicide). Internal and external condoms may not be used together.
• Bilateral tubal ligation.
∙ Periodic abstinence (calendar, symptothermal, and post-ovulation methods), withdrawal (coitus interruptus), spermicides only, and lactational amenorrhea method are not acceptable methods of contraception.