High-risk cancers

One of the following two criteria must be met:~1. Confirmed or suspected high-risk malignancy defined as expected overall survival \< 30% based on current literature for the specific cancer~2. Cancers for which standard therapy would result in unacceptable and severe morbidity (e.g., infantile fibrosarcoma where definitive surgery would require amputation of limb) Note: This does not include HR neuroblastoma at diagnosis as this group of patients have an overall survival ≥30% and belongs to Cohort 4A.

Rare tumors

At least one of the following three criteria must be met:~1. A rare tumor of uncertain prognosis due to rarity of disease~2. A rare tumor with no established treatment strategy~3. A cancer where routine histopathological examination has not been able to establish a diagnosis~4. Confirmed histiocytic disorder AND molecular profiling may facilitate diagnosis and/or treatment~5. Confirmed proliferative vascular or lymphatic malformation AND has failed conventional treatment, e.g., surgery or embolization, OR no appropriate treatment is available AND the disease is organ, limb or life threatening, or debilitating

Primary central nervous system (CNS) tumours

Patient is suspected or confirmed to have a primary CNS tumor, including low and high-grade tumors

Neuroblastoma

Patient is suspected or confirmed to have neuroblastoma 4A: HR neuroblastoma at diagnosis 4B: Non-HR neuroblastoma

Acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome and other leukemias not classified as ALL

Patient is confirmed by flow cytometry to have acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or other leukemias (Note: Verbal confirmation of flow cytometry result is adequate for enrolment)

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

Patient is confirmed to have acute lymphoblastic leukemia by flow cytometry (Note: Verbal confirmation of flow cytometry result is adequate for enrolment)

Lymphomas

Patient is suspected or confirmed to have a lymphoma

Sarcomas

Patient is suspected or confirmed to have a sarcoma Includes gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST), malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST), desmoplastic small round cell tumour (DSRCT)

Renal tumors

Patient is suspected or confirmed to have a renal tumor Includes clear cell sarcoma of kidney

Hepatic and biliary tree tumors

Patient is suspected or confirmed to have a liver or biliary tree tumor

Thyroid and endocrine tumors

Patient is suspected or confirmed to have a thyroid or endocrine cancer

Other tumors

Patient is suspected or confirmed to have a tumor which does not fit into any of the above

Germline only

One of the following two criteria must be met:~1. Patients whose submitted tumor sample could not yield sufficient DNA for any molecular analysis AND participants/parents have consented to return of germline findings.~2. Patients who do not have appropriate tumor sample to be submitted for molecular profiling may be considered for germline only analysis. Obtaining tumor samples wherever possible will be encouraged.