Bronchogenic cysts are abnormal growths of tissue that form in the chest cavity, usually in the area between the lungs. The cysts are filled with fluid or mucous. These growths are congenital, meaning they are present at birth.

The causes of bronchogenic cysts are largely unknown. They occur in fetal development and result from abnormal growths in the upper gastrointestinal and respiratory tract. They are not thought to be genetic.

Bronchogenic cysts generally do not produce symptoms. If a cyst grows too large and presses on parts of the airway or esophagus it may produce symptoms. Often times the cysts are discovered while a patient is undergoing tests for something else. When symptoms do occur they usually include fever from infection and trouble swallowing or breathing.

Bronchogenic cysts are diagnosed through the use of X-Rays, CT scans with contrast dye, or MRIs. Sometimes a doctor will use an esophagram, in which patients swallow a special barium solution that allows them to use radiological equipment to identify abnormalities while swallowing. If tissue samples need to extracted for further evaluation, a doctor may use a bronchoscopy. This involves inserted a tube through the nose and throat and into to lungs to collect samples. Surgical resection to remove the cyst is the general course of treatment. It is important to remove the cysts to prevent future infections. The procedure may be performed by a surgeon who makes an incision in the back or side of the patient, or at times with the assistance of robotic instruments.

Most patients with bronchogenic cysts do extremely well and have normal lung function after their lesions are removed. Early surgery early minimizes the risks for future infections.

Recurrent infections in the chest cavity Fistula formation in the airway and lungs Ulcers forming around the cyst