Anthracycline-Free Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy for Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients With Cardiomyopathy or at an Elevated Risk of Cardiotoxicity (NeoCARD): A Response Adapted Single-arm Phase 2 Trial
This is a multi-institute, single-arm Phase II study to assess the efficacy of a 12-18-week neoadjuvant carboplatin, paclitaxel, and pembrolizumab (CPP) regimen in a response-adaptive manner for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients who are ineligible for anthracycline-based therapy due to underlying cardiac conditions.
• Measurable or evaluable tumor in the breast larger than 1cm with or without axillary involvement.
• Ability to be followed by a cardiologist and/or primary care physician (PCP) for medication optimization of cardiac co-morbidities.
• Medically fit to undergo curative surgery as per the standard of care.
• Ability and willingness to comply with all study procedures.
• Ability and willingness to sign and date a written informed consent.
• Female or Male.
• Age 18 and above.
• Histologically confirmed TNBC Stage II or Stage IIIA/B.
∙ The invasive tumor must be hormone receptor-negative or low, defined as both estrogen receptor (ER) and or progesterone receptor (PR) staining present in \<10% of invasive cancer cells by IHC.
‣ HER2 negativity will be based on current ASCO-CAP guidelines for HER2 testing.
• In patients with multifocal disease, all the tumors should be HER2-negative.
⁃ No previous chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery for this breast cancer.
⁃ Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-2.
⁃ Have adequate organ function at the time of screening visit as defined below:
⁃ a. Hematological: i. Absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1,500/uL ii. Platelets ≥ 100,000/uL iii. Leukocytes ≥ 3,000/uL iv. Hemoglobin ≥ 9.0 g/dL or ≥ 5.6 mmol/L (criteria must be met without erythropoietin dependency and without packed red blood cell transfusion within last 2 weeks).
⁃ b. Renal: i. Creatinine ≤ 1.5 mg/dL and/or creatinine clearance ≥ 50 mL/min.
• 1\. Patients with a creatinine clearance (CrCl) between 30 and 50 mL/min may be eligible for the study at the discretion of the Principal Investigator. Given that paclitaxel is primarily metabolized by the liver and not significantly affected by renal function, and that carboplatin dosing can be safely adjusted based on CrCl, enrollment of these patients is permissible following individual assessment and approval.
• c. Hepatic: i. Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5x IULN, OR direct bilirubin ≤ IULN for participants with total bilirubin levels \> 1.5x IULN. Participants with a history of Gilbert's disease must have total bilirubin ≤ 5x IULN. ii. AST(SGOT) and ALT(SPGT) ≤ 2.5x IULN.
• d. Coagulation: i. International normalized ratio (INR) of coagulation OR prothrombin time (PT) OR activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) ≤ 1.5x IULN unless the patient is receiving anticoagulant therapy. If the patient is receiving anticoagulant therapy, PT or PTT is within the therapeutic range of the intended use of anticoagulants. e. Serum albumin ≥ 3.0 g/dL. 13. Patients with clinically and/or radiologically abnormal axillary lymph nodes should have pathological confirmation with image-guided biopsy/fine needle aspiration. 14. Patients should have staging scans to exclude the possibility of metastatic disease when axillary imaging shows two or more abnormal lymph nodes, if there are clinical signs concerning for metastatic disease or at the treating physician's discretion. Patients with bilateral breast cancer are eligible if they meet other eligibility criteria and both tumors are HER2 negative.
• 15\. Baseline neuropathy grade ≤2. 16. A WOCBP must be willing and able to use highly effective contraception from the time of informed consent throughout the study period and at least six months after the last dose of trial treatment.
• 17\. Patient is ineligible for anthracycline treatment, as of at least one of the following of A, B, C, or D: A. Individuals identified as being at high risk for cardiotoxicity from anthracycline treatment.
• Preexisting cardiomyopathy with Ejection Fraction (EF) between 25-49%.
• Severe valvular disease on echocardiogram.
• Previous exposure to Anthracyclines.
• Previous exposure to high dose chest wall radiation \>30Gy.
• Participants who have experienced myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris, an arterial thrombotic event, or stroke, within the last 12 months but not less than 3 months ago. B. Medium and High Risk for Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) at 3 years as defined by the Cardiotoxicity prediction tool from Ezaz et al C. Patients declining anthracycline therapy after thorough discussion regarding its significant role in treating TNBC. D. Patients who are deemed ineligible for anthracycline due to underlying medical conditions, as determined by the primary oncologist and confirmed by the study PI.
• 18\. Breast and axillary imaging (including ultrasound and MRI) within 42 days (6 weeks) prior to registration.