Learn About Chancroid
Chancroid is a bacterial infection that is spread through sexual contact.
Soft chancre; Ulcus molle; Sexually transmitted disease - chancroid; STD - chancroid; Sexually transmitted infection - chancroid; STI - chancroid
Chancroid is caused by a bacterium called Haemophilus ducreyi.
The infection is found in many parts of the world, such as Africa and southwest Asia. The infection is uncommon in the United States. Most people in the United States who are diagnosed with chancroid get it outside the country in areas where the infection is more common.
Within 1 day to 2 weeks after becoming infected, a person will get a small bump on the genitals. The bump becomes an ulcer within a day after it first appears. The ulcer:
- Ranges in size from 1/8 inch to 2 inches (3 millimeters to 5 centimeters) in diameter
- Is painful
- Is soft
- Has sharply defined borders
- Has a base that is covered with a gray or yellowish-gray material
- Has a base that bleeds easily if it is bumped or scraped
About one half of infected men have only a single ulcer. Women often have 4 or more ulcers. The ulcers appear in specific locations.
Common locations in men are:
- Foreskin
- Groove behind the head of the penis
- Shaft of the penis
- Head of the penis
- Opening of the penis
- Scrotum
In women, the most common location for ulcers is the outer lips of the vagina (labia majora). "Kissing ulcers" may develop. Kissing ulcers are those that occur on opposite surfaces of the labia.
Ulcers also may form on the:
- Inner vagina lips (labia minora)
- Area between the genitals and the anus (perineal area)
- Inner thighs
The most common symptoms in women are pain with urination and intercourse.
The ulcer may look like the sore of primary syphilis (chancre).
About one half of the people who are infected with a chancroid develop enlarged lymph nodes in the groin.
In one half of people who have swelling of the groin lymph nodes, the nodes break through the skin and cause draining abscesses. The swollen lymph nodes and abscesses are also called buboes.
The infection is treated with antibiotics including ceftriaxone and azithromycin. Large lymph node swellings may need to be drained, either with a needle or local surgery.
Stanley Spinola is an Infectious Disease provider in Indianapolis, Indiana. Dr. Spinola is rated as an Elite provider by MediFind in the treatment of Chancroid. His top areas of expertise are Chancroid, Pustules, Yaws, and Streptococcal Group A Infection. Dr. Spinola is currently accepting new patients.
USC Care Medical Group Inc
Kyle Cologne is a Colorectal Surgeon in Los Angeles, California. Dr. Cologne is rated as an Experienced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Chancroid. His top areas of expertise are Gastrointestinal Fistula, Rectal Prolapse, Hemorrhoids, Colostomy, and Hemorrhoidectomy.
Oriol Mitja practices in Londolovit, Papua New Guinea. Mitja is rated as a Distinguished expert by MediFind in the treatment of Chancroid. Their top areas of expertise are Yaws, Chancroid, Syphilis, and Monkeypox.
Chancroid can get better on its own. Some people have months of painful ulcers and draining. Antibiotic treatment often clears up the lesions quickly with very little scarring.
Complications include urethral fistulas and scars on the foreskin of the penis in uncircumcised males. People with chancroid should also be checked for other sexually transmitted infections, including but not limited to syphilis, HIV, and genital herpes.
In people with HIV, chancroid may take much longer to heal.
Contact your provider for an appointment if:
- You have symptoms of chancroid.
- You have had sexual contact with a person who you know has an STI.
- You have engaged in high-risk sexual practices.
Chancroid is spread by sexual contact with an infected person. Avoiding all forms of sexual activity is the only absolute way to prevent an STI.
However, safer sex behaviors may reduce your risk. The proper use of condoms, either the male or female type, greatly decreases the risk of catching an STI. You need to wear the condom from the beginning to the end of each sexual activity.
Published Date: August 26, 2023
Published By: Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Roy and Diana Vagelos Professor in Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, New York, NY. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
Micheletti RG, James WD, Elston DM, McMahon PJ. Bacterial infections. In: James WD, Elston DM, McMahon PJ, eds. Andrews' Diseases of the Skin Clinical Atlas. 2nd ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2023:chap 14.
Murphy TF. Haemophilus species including H. influenzae and H. ducreyi (chancroid). In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 225.