• surrogate is age 18 years or older, no upper age limit;

• documented surrogate decision-maker (official health care proxy, or legal next of kin) of a critically ill severe acute brain injury (SABI) patient ≥ 3 days after admission;

• patient is age 18 years or older, no upper age limit;

• patient has SABI; defined as either traumatic brain injury, spontaneous primary intracerebral hemorrhage (not due to tumor or vascular malformation), or hemispheric acute ischemic stroke;

• patient iscritically ill defined as either intubated on a mechanical ventilator, or unable to swallow without a feeding tube (even if not intubated/ventilated);

• patient is judged by the attending physician to have ≥40% risk of death or long-term functional impairment, elicited by asking the attending physician, does this patient have at least a 40% chance of in-hospital mortality or long-term functional impairment?, defined as needing assistance with at least 1 activity of daily living (ADL).

• patient has undergone initial stabilization but remains critically ill;

• surrogate will participate in clinician-family goals of care meeting, either in person or via video- or telephone-conference.

• surrogate must be English speaking and literate

• clinical treating attending, or physician trainee (fellow, resident), or licensed affiliated practitioner who will lead the clinician-family meeting when goals-of-care are discussed;

• clinician may decline participation in the outcome measures but cannot restrict the surrogate decision-maker in study participation.