Meningitis is an infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. This covering is called the meninges.
Bacteria are one type of germ that can cause meningitis. Haemophilus influenzae type b is one kind of bacteria that causes meningitis.
H. influenzae meningitis; H. flu meningitis; Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis
H influenzae meningitis is caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteria. This illness is not the same as the flu (influenza), which is caused by a virus.
Before the Hib vaccine, H influenzae was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in children under age 5. Since the vaccine became available in the United States, this type of meningitis occurs much less often in children in the United States.
H influenzae meningitis may occur after an upper respiratory infection. The infection usually spreads from the lungs and airways to the blood, then to the brain area.
Risk factors include:
Symptoms usually come on quickly, and may include:
Other symptoms that can occur include:
Antibiotics will be given as soon as possible. Ceftriaxone is one of the most commonly used antibiotics. Ampicillin may sometimes be used.
Corticosteroids may be used to fight inflammation.
Unvaccinated people who are in close contact with someone who has H influenzae meningitis should be given antibiotics to prevent infection. Such people include:
Shamez Ladhani practices in London, United Kingdom. Ladhani is rated as an Elite expert by MediFind in the treatment of H Influenzae Meningitis. They are also highly rated in 19 other conditions, according to our data. Their top areas of expertise are H Influenzae Meningitis, Strep Throat, Meningitis, and Bacterial Meningitis.
Mary Slack practices in Gold Coast, Australia. Slack is rated as an Elite expert by MediFind in the treatment of H Influenzae Meningitis. She is also highly rated in 6 other conditions, according to our data. Her top areas of expertise are H Influenzae Meningitis, Strep Throat, Meningitis, and Pneumococcal Meningitis.
Martin Antonio practices in London, United Kingdom. Antonio is rated as an Elite expert by MediFind in the treatment of H Influenzae Meningitis. He is also highly rated in 10 other conditions, according to our data. His top areas of expertise are Strep Throat, H Influenzae Meningitis, Meningitis, and Bacterial Meningitis.
Meningitis is a dangerous infection and it can be deadly. The sooner it is treated, the better the chance for recovery. Young children and adults over age 50 have the highest risk for death.
Long-term complications may include:
Call 911 or the local emergency number or go to an emergency room if you suspect meningitis in a young child who has the following symptoms:
Meningitis can quickly become a life-threatening illness.
Infants and young children can be protected with the Hib vaccine.
Close contacts in the same household, school, or day care center should be watched for early signs of the disease as soon as the first person is diagnosed. All unvaccinated family members and close contacts of this person should begin antibiotic treatment as soon as possible to prevent spread of the infection. Ask your provider about antibiotics during the first visit.
Always use good hygiene habits, such as washing hands before and after changing a diaper, and after using the bathroom.
Published Date: September 10, 2022
Published By: Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Associate Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Associate in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Bacterial meningitis. www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html. Reviewed July 15, 2021. Accessed November 10, 2022.
Nath A. Meningitis: bacterial, viral, and other. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 384.
Hasbun R, Van de Beek D, Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR. Acute meningitis. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 87.