The goal of this observational, multicenter , real-world study is to evaluate the long-term outcomes of different antiviral therapies in adults with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The main questions it aims to answer are: What is the 5-year incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) under various treatment regimens? How do rates of HBsAg seroclearance, decompensated cirrhosis, liver fibrosis progression, and other virological and clinical outcomes compare across regimens? Researchers will compare real-world treatment arms-including nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) monotherapy (e.g., entecavir, tenofovir), PegIFN based regimen (e.g., PegIFN monotherapy, PegIFN plus NA combinations)-to identify optimal strategies for reducing HCC risk and improving functional cure rates. Participants will undergo routine clinical care with no study-imposed interventions; data on demographics, medical history, symptoms, laboratory tests (e.g., HBsAg, HBV DNA, liver function), imaging (e.g., ultrasound, elastography), and clinical events will be collected prospectively (for up to 5 years in some cohorts) or retrospectively from medical records at baseline and scheduled follow-up visits (e.g., every 3-12 months initially, then annually).