Learn About Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an inherited disorder of the blood vessels that can cause excessive bleeding.
HHT; Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome; Osler-Weber-Rendu disease; Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome
HHT is passed down through families in an autosomal dominant pattern. If a parent has this condition, there is a 50% chance of passing on the gene to a child, regardless of sex of the parent or child. This means the abnormal gene is needed from only one parent in order to inherit the disease.
Scientists have identified four genes involved in this condition. All of these genes appear to be important for blood vessels to develop properly. A variant in any one of these genes can cause a person to have HHT.
People with HHT can develop abnormal blood vessels in several areas of the body. These vessels are called arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).
If they are on the skin, they are called telangiectasias. The most common sites include the lips, tongue, ears, and fingers. The abnormal blood vessels can also develop in the brain, lungs, liver, intestines, or other areas.
Symptoms of this syndrome include:
- Frequent nosebleeds in children
- Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract (GI), including loss of blood in the stool, or dark or black stools
- Seizures or unexplained, small strokes (from bleeding into the brain)
- Shortness of breath
- Enlarged liver
- Heart failure
- Anemia caused by low iron
Treatments may include:
- Surgery to treat bleeding in some areas
- Electrocautery (heating tissue with electricity) or laser surgery to treat frequent or heavy nosebleeds
- Endovascular embolization (injecting a substance through a thin tube) to treat abnormal blood vessels in the brain and other parts of the body
Some people respond to estrogen therapy, which can reduce bleeding episodes. Iron may also be given if there is a lot of blood loss, leading to anemia. Avoid taking blood-thinning medicines. Some medicines that affect blood vessel development are being studied as possible future treatments.
Some people may need to take antibiotics before having dental work or surgery. People with lung AVMs should avoid scuba diving to prevent decompression sickness (the bends). Ask your provider what other precautions you should take.
Felix Ratjen practices in Toronto, Canada. Mr. Ratjen is rated as an Elite expert by MediFind in the treatment of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. His top areas of expertise are Cystic Fibrosis, Pseudomonas Stutzeri Infections, Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia, Telangiectasia, and Lung Transplant.
Cleveland Clinic Main Campus
Keith Mccrae is a Hematologist in Cleveland, Ohio. Dr. Mccrae has been practicing medicine for over 47 years and is rated as an Elite provider by MediFind in the treatment of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. His top areas of expertise are Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Venous Thromboembolism (VTE), Thrombocytopenia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia, and Splenectomy.
Marie Faughnan practices in Toronto, Canada. Ms. Faughnan is rated as an Elite expert by MediFind in the treatment of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. Her top areas of expertise are Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia, Telangiectasia, Arteriovenous Malformation, Endoscopy, and Liver Embolization.
More information and support for people with HHT disorder and their families can be found at:
- Cure HHT -- curehht.org/
- National Organization for Rare Disorders -- rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/hereditary-hemorrhagic-telangiectasia/
People with this syndrome can live a completely normal lifespan, depending on where in the body the AVMs are located.
These complications can occur:
- Heart failure
- High blood pressure in the lungs (pulmonary hypertension)
- Internal bleeding
- Shortness of breath
- Stroke
Contact your provider if you or your child has frequent nose bleeds or other signs of this disease.
Genetic counseling is recommended for couples who want to have children and who have a family history of HHT. If you have this condition, medical treatments can prevent certain types of strokes and heart failure.
Summary: The purpose of this study is to: * evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of single ascending doses of ALN-6400 in healthy volunteers * evaluate the efficacy, safety, tolerability and PD of multiple doses of ALN-6400 in adult patients with HHT
Summary: The Comprehensive HHT Outcomes Registry of the United States (CHORUS) is an observational registry of patients diagnosed with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT). The purpose of this study is to better understand HHT, the symptoms and complications it causes, and the impact the disease has on people's lives. The investigators will collect long-term information about the participant, allowi...
Published Date: April 08, 2025
Published By: Anna C. Edens Hurst, MD, MS, Associate Professor in Medical Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
Cappell MS, Lebwohl O. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. In: Lebwohl MG, Heymann WR, Coulson IH, Murrell DF, eds. Treatment of Skin Disease. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 102.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT). About hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). www.cdc.gov/hht/about/index.html/. Updated June 18, 2024. Accessed April 16, 2025.
Kwah J, Brandt LJ. Vascular lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 38.
McDonald J, Stevenson DA. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. 2000 Jun 26 [updated 2021 Nov 24]. In: Adam MP, Feldman J, Mirzaa GM, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Amemiya A, eds. GeneReviews [Internet]. Seattle, WA: University of Washington. PMID: 20301525 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20301525/.