• Male or female patients aged 18 years or older at the time of locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic disease diagnosis.

• Patients diagnosed with one of the following malignancies:

• Locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma, biliary tract, bladder (urothelial), cervical, endometrial, epithelial ovarian, pancreatic, or other solid tumors, or unresectable and/or metastatic non-squamous NSCLC.

• Patients may be included on the basis of de-novo locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic disease diagnosis or progression from initial diagnosis at earlier stages.

• Patients must have received at least one line of prior systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT) therapy in the advanced/ unresectable/ metastatic setting (i.e. excluding adjuvant/ neoadjuvant SACT) prior to index.

• Index date (start of 2nd or later line SoC systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT) treatment) for advanced disease occurring between January 2017 and December 2022.

• \[CRC patients only\] Prior treatment at index with at least one of the following in prior lines of therapy:

• Fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan

• Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) treatment, if RAS wild-type

• Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment

• Anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-\[L\]-1) therapy if tumor is microsatellite instable (MSI)-high/deficient mismatch repair (dMMR), or tumor mutational burden (TMB)-high

• \[CRC patients only\] BRAF wild-type cancer and confirmed RAS status (either mutant or wild type) identified through testing of the primary tumor or metastatic site at any time following initial diagnosis.

• IHC3+ HER2-expression confirmed through testing of tumor samples taken in the advanced/ recurrent/ metastatic disease stage. The sample taken closest in time prior to the or at start of the index line of therapy should be used to confirm IHC3+ HER2 status. Positive IHC3+ tests may be the result of testing at the time of sampling by the sites or retrospective testing based on archival tumor samples

• ECOG of 0 or 1 (or Karnofsky score of ≥ 70%8), or missing performance status based on most recently recorded information prior to or at index date.

• Patients without recorded history of liver disease, leukaemia, aplastic anaemia or haemophilia at index date.

• Patients known to have died must have a complete recorded date of death.