Based on the analysis of dietary characteristics, gut microbiota diversity, and composition, this study investigates the relationships between the dietary inflammatory potential, gut microbiota, and sarcopenia. Furthermore, it explores the mediating role of gut microbiota in the association between the dietary inflammatory index and the risk of sarcopenia. The findings are expected to provide insights into the mechanisms through which dietary inflammation influences the development and progression of sarcopenia, and to offer a basis for dietary and nutritional interventions aimed at preventing or managing this condition.