• Subjects must demonstrate capacity to comprehend the study's objectives and associated risks, provide written informed consent, and authorize utilization of confidential health information in compliance with national and regional data protection regulations.

• Enrollment is permitted regardless of biological sex, with age ≥18 and ≤65 years (inclusive) at the time of informed consent provision.

• All females of childbearing potential and biologically male participants must employ contraceptive measures meeting clinical trial standards throughout the study duration and for at least 30 days following the final administration of investigational therapy. Additionally, participants must abstain from gamete donation during the study period and for ≥30 days post-treatment cessation.

• Confirmed diagnosis of aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG)-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) per the 2015 International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria, with serological or cerebrospinal fluid verification of AQP4-IgG positivity for inclusion in the AQP4-NMOSD cohort. Participants must have provided documented consent for therapeutic intervention with one monoclonal antibody-based biologics.

• Neurological examination demonstrating clinical stability within 30 days preceding baseline (Visit 1).